Índice triglicéridos-glucosa como marcador de resistencia a la insulina en adultos: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5iEsp.2.413Palabras clave:
Índice TyG, resistencia a la insulina, riesgo cardiovascular, síndrome metabólicoResumen
El índice triglicéridos-glucosa (TyG) se ha propuesto como un marcador indirecto de resistencia a la insulina (RI), aunque su desempeño frente a otros métodos de evaluación continua siendo objeto de investigación. El objetivo fue evaluar el desempeño del TyG como marcador indirecto de RI en adultos, mediante su comparación con el HOMA-IR y el clamp hiperinsulinémico-euglucémico, el análisis de sus asociaciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares y la descripción de los puntos de corte reportados en diferentes poblaciones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, mediante búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science de publicaciones comprendidas entre enero de 2020 y marzo de 2026. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis pertinentes. De 802 registros identificados inicialmente, se seleccionaron 20 publicaciones. Los resultados mostraron que el TyG presentó capacidad discriminativa para identificar RI, con un desempeño comparable o superior al HOMA-IR en determinadas poblaciones. Asimismo, sus valores elevados se asociaron con síndrome metabólico, hipertensión, rigidez arterial, aterosclerosis subclínica, eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad. Los puntos de corte variaron según las características poblacionales, los criterios de referencia y las fórmulas de cálculo. Se concluyó que el TyG constituyó una herramienta accesible para complementar la evaluación de la RI y del riesgo cardiometabólico; sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de la evidencia impidió establecer un umbral universal o recomendar su utilización como sustituto de los métodos de referencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nelson Fernando Pástor Peñaherrera, Norma Susana Chávez Villagomez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
