Biomarcadores alternativos a la hemoglobina glicada en el monitoreo glucémico de la diabetes tipo 2: Revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5iEsp.2.405Palabras clave:
Albúmina glicada, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, fructosamina, HbA1cResumen
La hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) constituye el biomarcador de referencia para evaluar el control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DT2); sin embargo, determinadas condiciones fisiopatológicas pueden comprometer su fiabilidad. El objetivo fue evaluar la evidencia científica sobre el desempeño y la utilidad clínica de la HbA1c, los biomarcadores bioquímicos alternativos y el monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG) como método complementario en adultos con DT2. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA 2020, mediante búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, considerando publicaciones de los últimos cinco años. Se incluyeron 20 publicaciones, entre investigaciones originales y revisiones, que evaluaron la HbA1c, la albúmina glicada, la fructosamina, el 1,5-anhidroglucitol y el MCG. Los resultados se analizaron mediante una síntesis cualitativa. La HbA1c mantuvo su utilidad para evaluar la exposición glucémica crónica, aunque presentó discrepancias con otros indicadores en pacientes con enfermedad renal avanzada, anemia y alteraciones del recambio eritrocitario. La albúmina glicada y la fructosamina proporcionaron información sobre periodos más cortos de exposición glucémica, sin demostrar una superioridad consistente frente a la HbA1c. El 1,5-anhidroglucitol mostró una utilidad comparativa limitada, mientras que el MCG permitió caracterizar las fluctuaciones glucémicas. Se concluyó que estos métodos pueden complementar la evaluación glucémica en condiciones clínicas específicas, aunque la evidencia no demostró que su utilización conjunta mejorara los resultados clínicos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Francisco Roberto Licuy Grefa, Franklin Vicente Ramos Flor
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
