Biomarcadores en el hipotiroidismo subclínico y su relación con el metabolismo lipídico y el riesgo cardiometabólico. Revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5iEsp.2.401Palabras clave:
Biomarcadores, dislipidemia, hipotiroidismo subclínico, riesgo cardiometabólicoResumen
El hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) constituye una alteración endocrina caracterizada por concentraciones elevadas de hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) y valores normales de tiroxina libre (FT4), asociada con posibles alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia científica sobre los biomarcadores asociados al HSC, su relación con el metabolismo lipídico y su potencial utilidad en la identificación del riesgo cardiometabólico. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, mediante búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library de publicaciones comprendidas entre 2020 y 2026. Se incluyeron 24 estudios que evaluaron biomarcadores tiroideos, lipídicos, inflamatorios, autoinmunes y metabólicos. Los resultados evidenciaron asociaciones entre el HSC y alteraciones del perfil lipídico, principalmente concentraciones elevadas de colesterol total y LDL-C, así como modificaciones de triglicéridos y HDL-C en determinadas poblaciones. Asimismo, se identificaron relaciones con resistencia a la insulina, inflamación de bajo grado e indicadores complementarios, como el índice aterogénico plasmático, la proteína C reactiva ultrasensible y los anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea. Los biomarcadores emergentes, incluidos el LDL oxidado, la homocisteína, las proteínas ANGPTL y las adipocinas, aportaron información sobre posibles mecanismos metabólicos, aunque su utilidad predictiva permaneció insuficientemente establecida. Se concluyó que el HSC se relacionó con alteraciones lipídicas y cardiometabólicas heterogéneas, mientras que los biomarcadores convencionales presentaron mayor aplicabilidad clínica y los emergentes requirieron evidencia adicional para determinar su utilidad en la estratificación del riesgo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Diego Mauricio Tene Salcán, Franklin Vicente Ramos Flor
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
