Hiperprolactinemia inducida por estrés en adolescentes sin antecedentes endocrinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5iEsp.2.389Palabras clave:
Adolescentes, estrés, hiperprolactinemia, prolactina, revisión sistemáticaResumen
La hiperprolactinemia inducida por estrés en adolescentes representa un desafío diagnóstico debido a la necesidad de diferenciar las respuestas hormonales transitorias de las alteraciones endocrinas persistentes. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia científica sobre los factores de estrés físico y psicológico asociados con la hiperprolactinemia en adolescentes sin antecedentes endocrinos, considerando sus manifestaciones clínicas y las estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a las directrices PRISMA 2020, mediante búsquedas en Scopus, PubMed, Redalyc, Google Scholar y SciELO, de publicaciones comprendidas entre 2016 y 2026. De 194 registros identificados, se incluyeron 10 estudios para la síntesis narrativa. Los resultados mostraron que la hipoglucemia inducida y el ejercicio físico intenso se asociaron con incrementos significativos de prolactina. Las elevaciones observadas en contextos de estrés psicológico no permitieron establecer una relación causal independiente, debido a la heterogeneidad poblacional y la presencia de factores concomitantes. Las modificaciones hormonales no demostraron necesariamente hiperprolactinemia persistente ni manifestaciones clínicas específicas. Las estrategias diagnósticas comprendieron la confirmación bioquímica y la exclusión de causas secundarias, mientras que los tratamientos reportados abordaron principalmente etiologías farmacológicas, endocrinas o estructurales. Se concluyó que la evidencia disponible resultó insuficiente para establecer un perfil clínico y un tratamiento específico de la hiperprolactinemia atribuible exclusivamente al estrés en adolescentes sin antecedentes endocrinos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 María Luisa Romero Hernández, José Marcelo Ortiz Jiménez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
