Sistemas silvopastoriles, bienestar y producción en bovinos lecheros y de doble propósito tropicales: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5iEsp.2.341Palabras clave:
Bienestar animal, bovinos de leche, estrés calórico, producción de leche, sistemas silvopastorilesResumen
Los sistemas silvopastoriles constituyen una alternativa de manejo orientada a reducir la carga térmica y favorecer la sostenibilidad de la ganadería lechera tropical. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre los efectos de estos sistemas en el confort térmico, bienestar animal, respuestas fisiológicas, comportamiento y desempeño productivo de bovinos lecheros y de doble propósito. Se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa bajo el enfoque PRISMA 2020, considerando publicaciones entre 2016 y 2026 en español, inglés y portugués. La búsqueda identificó 142 registros candidatos; tras los procesos de eliminación de duplicados, cribado y evaluación de elegibilidad, se incluyeron 20 estudios primarios en la síntesis cualitativa y 12 referencias de apoyo para contextualización e interpretación de los hallazgos. Los resultados evidenciaron efectos favorables principalmente sobre las condiciones microclimáticas, utilización de sombra, comportamiento y respuestas fisiológicas asociadas a la mitigación del estrés térmico, mientras que los efectos sobre producción de leche y desenlaces sanitarios directos presentaron mayor variabilidad entre estudios. Se concluye que los sistemas silvopastoriles representan una estrategia con potencial para mejorar la adaptación térmica de bovinos tropicales, siempre que su diseño considere la distribución del componente arbóreo, disponibilidad forrajera, acceso efectivo a recursos y evaluación integrada de bienestar, salud y productividad.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Brenda Pamela Guananga Gutiérrez, Hugo Alejandro Castro Albán, Freddy Román Guananga Díaz
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
