Cadenas de valor agrícolas y desarrollo local en el altiplano boliviano: evidencia empírica desde un enfoque sistémico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5iEsp.1.299Palabras clave:
Agricultura familiar, cadena de valor agrícola, desarrollo local, desarrollo territorial, sistemas agroalimentarios, sostenibilidad agroalimentariaResumen
El análisis de las cadenas de valor agroalimentarias ha adquirido creciente relevancia para comprender su contribución al desarrollo local, particularmente en contextos rurales vulnerables caracterizados por limitaciones en articulación, acceso a mercados y generación de valor. En este marco, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de la cadena de valor hortícola en el desarrollo local de la Cuenca Guardaña, ubicada en el altiplano boliviano. Se adoptó un enfoque mixto con diseño explicativo secuencial (cuantitativo→cualitativo), desarrollado mediante un estudio de caso. La información cuantitativa se recolectó mediante encuestas aplicadas a 110 unidades productivas seleccionadas por muestreo probabilístico, mientras que el componente cualitativo incluyó 37 informantes clave. Se aplicaron análisis descriptivos, correlación de Spearman y regresión lineal múltiple, verificando los supuestos estadísticos y la confiabilidad de los instrumentos (Alfa de Cronbach: 0.839–0.891). Los resultados evidencian que la cadena de valor hortícola presenta un nivel de desarrollo medio–alto (media = 3.39), mientras que el desarrollo local alcanza niveles altos (media > 3.70), identificándose correlaciones positivas y significativas entre ambas variables (ρ = 0.43–0.773; p < 0.01). El modelo de regresión mostró que la producción constituye el único predictor significativo del desarrollo local, aunque con limitada capacidad explicativa, mientras que la organización y la comercialización presentan efectos diferenciados en las dimensiones económica y territorial. Se concluye que la cadena hortícola influye significativamente en el desarrollo local; sin embargo, su impacto está condicionado por limitaciones en articulación, gobernanza y comercialización, lo que demanda un enfoque sistémico orientado a fortalecer la coordinación multiactor, el valor agregado y la integración territorial.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Luis Edgar Blanco-Capia, Gabith Miriam Quispe-Fernandez
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