Intervenciones no farmacológicas innovadoras para el manejo del dolor total
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v5i1.251Palabras clave:
Calidad de vida, dolor total, humanización del cuidado, intervenciones no farmacológicasResumen
El dolor total constituye una experiencia multidimensional que integra componentes físicos, psicológicos, sociales y espirituales, lo que exige estrategias de abordaje que trasciendan el tratamiento farmacológico convencional. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones no farmacológicas innovadoras en el manejo del dolor total, considerando su papel complementario al tratamiento farmacológico, su impacto en la reducción del consumo de medicamentos y su influencia en la calidad de vida del paciente y en la humanización del cuidado. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura conforme a las directrices PRISMA 2020, que incluyó estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025, identificados en la base de datos Scopus. Se seleccionaron 23 artículos que analizaron diversas intervenciones no farmacológicas, entre ellas la realidad virtual, la neuromodulación no invasiva, la educación en neurociencia del dolor, la estimulación sensorial, el ejercicio terapéutico y las intervenciones mente-cuerpo. Los resultados evidencian que estas estrategias contribuyen de manera significativa a la reducción de la intensidad del dolor, a la disminución del consumo de analgésicos y a la mejora del bienestar emocional y funcional de los pacientes. Asimismo, se observó un efecto positivo en la humanización del cuidado y en la atención centrada en la persona. Se concluye que las intervenciones no farmacológicas innovadoras representan un complemento eficaz, seguro y pertinente para el manejo integral del dolor total en los sistemas de atención en salud.
Descargas
Citas
Aguirrezabal, I., Galán, M. Á. G., & Montero, F. M. (2020). Abordaje no farmacológico del dolor. FMC-Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria, 27(3), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmc.2019.09.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmc.2019.09.009
Albazee, E., Alrajehi, A., Alsahli, F., Alqemlas, A., Aldhaen, A., Alkandari, A., Alkandari, H., & Alkanderi, W. (2025). Virtual reality distraction for reducing pain and anxiety during percutaneous cardiovascular interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Medicina, 61(6), 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61060957 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61060957
Andrade, J., Alcívar, E., & Ruiz, S. (2024). Actualización en terapias y cuidados en el manejo del dolor. RECIAMUC, 8(1), 768-778. https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/8.(1).ene.2024.768-778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/8.(1).ene.2024.768-778
Ballarín, À., Casanovas, J., Serrà, T., Formiguera, A., Oller, R., & Gómez-Batiste, X. (2024). Analgesic treatment and pain management in patients with advanced chronic disease: Opportunities for improvement. Atención Primaria, 57(5), 103135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103135
da Cunha, E., Vieira, L., Dibbern, M., de Almeida, D., Oliveira, R., Bitencourt, T., de Castro, C., Krempser, P., & Muniz, L. (2025). Effect of a non-pharmacological intervention on vaccine-related pain: Randomized clinical trial. Pain Management Nursing, 26(1), e18-e23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.013
Diotaiuti, P., Corrado, S., Tosti, B., Spica, G., Di Libero, T., D’Oliveira, A., Zanon, A., Rodio, A., Andrade, A., & Mancone, S. (2024). Evaluating the effectiveness of neurofeedback in chronic pain management: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1369487. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369487
Fajardo-Chica, D. (2020). Sobre el concepto de dolor total. Revista de Salud Pública, 22(3), 368-372. https://www.scielosp.org/article/rsap/2020.v22n3/368-372/es/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n3.84833
Hee, S., Patel, S., Sandhu, H., Matharu, M., & Underwood, M., CHESS Team. (2024). Does pain self-efficacy predict, moderate or mediate outcomes in people with chronic headache; an exploratory analysis of the CHESS trial. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 25, 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01768-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01768-5
Holmes, A., & Chang, Y. (2024). Non-pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in older adults: A systematic review. Pain Medicine, 25(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnad112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnad112
Khan, A., Husain, S., Kaur, R., Hashmat, A., Adil, A., Berkhamova, A., Awan, S., & Varrassi, G. (2025). Primary care strategies for managing musculoskeletal pain: A narrative overview. Cureus, 17(7), e88447. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.88447 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.88447
Lago, P., Garetti, E., Savant Levet, P., Arenga, I., Pirelli, A., Frigo, A. C., & Merazzi, D. (2025). Current practices in neonatal pain management: a decade after the last Italian survey. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 51(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01896-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01896-x
Lee, B., Yang, K., Kaminski, P., Peng, S., Odabas, M., Gupta, S., Green, H., Ahn, Y., & Perry, B. (2021). Substitution of nonpharmacologic therapy with opioid prescribing for pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 4(12), e2138453. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.38453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.38453
Liu, W., Yin, M., & Li, H. (2025). Optimizing resistance training for pain management in knee and hip osteoarthritis: A pairwise and dose–response meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1623679. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1623679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1623679
Menekseoglu, A., Asik, H., Sahbaz, T., & İs, E. (2025). Mind over pain: VR-based hypnotherapy for chronic non-specific low back pain — a randomised controlled trial. Irish Journal of Medical Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04158-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04158-1
Mongia, J., Tejaswee, A., Marella, V., Srilakshmi, D., Almasri, M., Tenglikar, P., & Dayanithi, B. (2024). Evaluation of post-operative pain management techniques in oral surgery. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 16(3), S2360–S2362. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_258_24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_258_24
Mrayan, L., Abujilban, S., AbuKaraki, A., & Nashwan, A. J. (2024). Evaluate the effectiveness of using non-pharmacological intervention during childbirth: An improvement project in Jordanian maternity hospitals. BMC Women’s Health, 24, 605. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03414-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03414-3
Navarro, J. (2025). Manejo no farmacológico del dolor crónico primario en el primer nivel de atención [Trabajo final de graduación para optar por el título de especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Universidad de Costa Rica]. Repositorio Kérwá. https://n9.cl/x971og
Rosa, I., Rossato, L., Guedes, D., Fogaça, V., Domingues, F., & Silva, L. (2022). Beliefs, knowledge, actions of nursing techniques in breastfeeding in pain management in immunization. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(6), e20210546. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0546pt
Roth, I., Tiedt, M., Miller, V., Barnhill, J., Chilcoat, A., Gardiner, P., Faurot, K., Karvelas, K., Busby, K., Gaylord, S., & Leeman, J. (2023). Integrative medical group visits for patients with chronic pain: Results of a pilot single-site hybrid implementation-effectiveness feasibility study. Frontiers in Pain Research, 4, 1147588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1147588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1147588
Tiberio, P., Balordi, M., Castaldo, M., Viganò, A., Jacobs, F., Benvenuti, C., Torrisi, R., Zambelli, A., Santoro, A., & de Sanctis, R. (2024). Empowerment, pain control, and quality of life improvement in early triple-negative breast cancer patients through pain neuroscience education: A prospective cohort pilot study protocol (EMPOWER Trial). Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(7), 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070711 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070711
Tohol, W., Abuejheisheh, A., Fashafsheh, I., & Amro, N. (2023). Using of non-pharmacological pain methods, and the perceived barriers, among nurses in critical care unit in Palestine. BMC Nursing, 22, 467. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01635-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01635-9
Vance, C., Dailey, D., Chimenti, R., Van Gorp, B., Crofford, L., & Sluka, K. (2022). Using TENS for pain control: Update on the state of the evidence. Medicina, 58(10), 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101332
Vieira, W., Real, C., Martins, D., & Chacur, M. (2025). The role of exercise on glial cell activity in neuropathic pain management. Cells, 14(7), 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14070487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14070487
Wang, Y., Aaron, R., Attal, N., & Colloca, L. (2025). An update on non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief. Cell Reports Medicine, 6(2), 101940. https://n9.cl/axwk5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101940
Weng, Y., Zhang, J., & Chen, Z. (2024). Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on pain in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pediatrics, 24(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04488-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04488-y
Xiong, J., Jiang, X., Cai, B., Zhao, L., Zhang, Q., & Luo, J. (2025). Binaural beats for perioperative anxiety and pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 95, 103299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103299 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103299
Xu, R., Liu, S., Xu, G., Yan, C., Cui, Q., Liu, S., & Sun, M. (2025). Trends and hotspots in cupping therapy research for pain: A bibliometric study. Frontiers in Medicine, 12, 1559099. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1559099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1559099
Yadollahzadeh, F., Akbarianrad, Z., Jafarian-Amiri, S., Zabihi, A., Aziznejadroshan, P., & Nikbakht, H. (2025). The effect of combined non-pharmacological interventions on venous blood sampling pain in preterm infants: A clinical trial study. BMC Pediatrics, 25, 273. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05626-4
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Carla Cristina Calderón Cabezas, Luis Felipe Santander Samaniego, Gabriela Elizabeth Damián Sinchiguano, Mayra Elizabeth Moyota Cajo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
