Obesidad abdominal, niveles de insulina y lípidos séricos como indicadores de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular en adultos. Revisión sistemática literaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v4i3.197Palabras clave:
Insulina, lípidos séricos, obesidad abdominal, riesgo cardio metabólicoResumen
La obesidad abdominal se ha consolidado como un factor clave en el desarrollo de alteraciones cardiometabólicas, lo que ha impulsado el uso de índices compuestos que integran marcadores antropométricos y bioquímicos para mejorar la detección temprana del riesgo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de los índices TyG, LAP, VAI y CVAI como indicadores de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular en comparación con medidas antropométricas tradicionales en adultos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en Scopus y PubMed entre 2022 y 2025, identificándose un total de 20 estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados muestran que los índices compuestos presentan una mayor capacidad diagnóstica y predictiva frente a marcadores convencionales como el IMC, la circunferencia de cintura y la relación cintura–cadera. Asimismo, se identificaron variaciones transculturales relevantes en los puntos de corte, lo que resalta la necesidad de contextualizar su aplicación clínica. Se concluye que los índices TyG, LAP, VAI y CVAI constituyen herramientas prometedoras para evaluar el riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular, particularmente en entornos donde las mediciones tradicionales pueden subestimar el riesgo. Se recomienda avanzar hacia su validación transcultural y estandarización para optimizar su utilidad en la práctica clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Karen Julissa Urrea Camacho, María Eugenia Lucena de Ustáriz
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
