Glucosa y hemoglobina glicosilada como marcadores tempranos del síndrome metabólico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v4i3.188Palabras clave:
Atención primaria, glucosa, hemoglobina glicosilada, laboratorio clínico, prevención de enfermedades, síndrome metabólicoResumen
El síndrome metabólico es un trastorno clínico que agrupa un conjunto complejo de alteraciones metabólicas y fisiológicas interrelacionadas. Representa un importante problema de salud pública y se reconoce como un predictor significativo e independiente para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas a largo plazo. En este contexto, la glucosa en ayunas y la hemoglobina glicosilada se han propuesto como marcadores bioquímicos útiles para identificar alteraciones glucémicas incipientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia científica disponible desde 2020 a 2025 sobre la utilidad de la glucosa y la HbA1c como marcadores tempranos del síndrome metabólico, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se siguieron las directrices del protocolo PRISMA y la metodología PICOS para definir los criterios de búsqueda, seleccionando estudios originales indexados en Scopus y PubMed. De los 127 registros iniciales, 57 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que los valores de glucosa ≥ 100 mg/dL y de HbA1c entre 5.4% y 5.7% se asociaron significativamente con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar síndrome metabólico. Asimismo, se evidenció que su uso en atención primaria favorece la detección oportuna de individuos con disfunción metabólica y contribuye a la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. En conclusión, la glucosa y la HbA1c constituyen marcadores accesibles, reproducibles y clínicamente relevantes para la evaluación temprana del riesgo metabólico, consolidando su papel estratégico en el laboratorio clínico y en los programas de prevención y control del síndrome metabólico.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Galo Jazmany Asimbaya Jaramillo, Ximena del Rocío Robalino Flores
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