Intervenciones tecnológicas para el alivio del dolor en población pediátrica paliativa: una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.61347/ei.v4i3.172Palabras clave:
Cuidados paliativos, intervención tecnológica, manejo del dolor, pediatríaResumen
El manejo efectivo del dolor en la población pediátrica bajo cuidados paliativos representa un desafío clínico debido al impacto que el dolor ejerce sobre la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo analizar los tipos de intervenciones tecnológicas utilizadas para el alivio y manejo del dolor en población pediátrica paliativa. Se aplicó la metodología PICO(S) para definir los criterios y las preguntas de investigación, y se siguieron las directrices PRISMA para la selección rigurosa de estudios recuperados en bases de datos de relevancia. Se incluyeron 37 estudios, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, publicados entre 2013 y 2024, que evaluaron diferentes tecnologías digitales. Los resultados mostraron que la realidad virtual, aumentada y mixta predominan como herramientas inmersivas para el manejo y alivio del dolor. Otras tecnologías, como aplicaciones móviles, telemedicina y wearables, emergen como recursos prometedores que facilitan el monitoreo remoto, la autogestión y la continuidad asistencial. Las intervenciones reducen notablemente la intensidad del dolor, la ansiedad y el miedo a los procedimientos, además de mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y la calidad de vida en aspectos psicosociales. No obstante, la heterogeneidad metodológica y la limitada evidencia a largo plazo resaltan la necesidad de ensayos clínicos estandarizados y análisis detallados para consolidar recomendaciones clínicas sólidas. En conclusión, las tecnologías digitales son intervenciones complementarias útiles en el manejo del dolor pediátrico paliativo, aunque se requieren más investigaciones para su integración formal en protocolos clínicos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Carla Cristina Calderón Cabezas, Carlos Enrique Alvarado López, María Catalina Espina-Rodas
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